Datenblatt für AX8052F131 von onsemi

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© Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2016
August, 2017 Rev. 4
1Publication Order Number:
AX8052F131/D
AX8052F131
SoC Ultra-Low Power
RF-Microcontroller for the
400 - 470 MHz and
800 - 940 MHz Bands
OVERVIEW
The AX8052F131 is a single chip ultralowpower
RFmicrocontroller SoC primarily for use in SRD bands. The onchip
transmitter consists of a fully integrated RF frontend with modulator,
and demodulator. Base band data processing is implemented in an
advanced and flexible communication controller that enables user
friendly communication.
Features
SoC Ultralow Power RFmicrocontroller for Wireless
Communication Applications
QFN40 Package
Supply Range 2.2 V 3.6 V (1.8 V MCU)
40°C to 85°C
Ultralow Power Consumption:
CPU Active Mode 150 mA/MHz
Sleep Mode with 256 Byte RAM Retention and Wakeup Timer
running 900 nA
Sleep Mode 4 kByte RAM Retention and Wakeup Timer running
1.9 mA
Sleep Mode 8 kByte RAM Retention and Wakeup
Timer running 2.6 mA
Radio TXmode 22 mA at 10 dBm Output Power
AX8052 Features
Ultralow Power MCU Core Compatible with Industry
Standard 8052 Instruction Set
Down to 250 nA Wakeup Current
Single Cycle/Instruction for many Instructions
64 kByte Insystem Programmable FLASH
Code Protection Lock
8.25 kByte SRAM
3wire (1 dedicated, 2 shared) Incircuit Debug
Interface
Three 16bit Timers with SD Output Capability
Two 16bit Wakeup Timers
Two Input Captures
Two Output Compares with PWM Capability
10bit 500 ksample/s AnalogtoDigital Converter
Temperature Sensor
Two Analog Comparators
Two UARTs
One General Purpose Master/Slave SPI
Two Channel DMA Controller
Multimegabit/s AES Encryption/Decryption Engine
with True Random Number Generator (TRNG),
supports AES128, AES192 and AES256
NOTE: The AES Engine and the TRNG require
Software Enabling and Support.
Ultralow Power 10 kHz/640 Hz Wakeup Oscillator,
with Automatic Calibration against a Precise Clock
Internal 20 MHz RC Oscillator, with Automatic
Calibration against a Precise Clock for Flexible System
Clocking
Low Frequency Tuning Fork Crystal Oscillator for
Accurate Low Power Time Keeping
Brownout and PoweronReset Detection
Highperformance RF Transmitter compatible to AX5031
400 470 MHz and 800 940 MHz SRD Bands
5 dBm to +15 dBm Programmable Output
13 mA @ 0 dBm, 868 MHz
22 mA @ 10 dBm, 868 Mhz
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QFN40 7x5, 0.5P
CASE 485EG
401
ORDERING INFORMATION
Device Package Shipping
AX8052F1312TB05 QFN28
(PbFree)
500 /
Tape & Reel
AX8052F1312TX30 3,000 /
Tape & Reel
QFN40
(PbFree)
AX8052F1313TB05
For information on tape and reel specifications,
including part orientation and tape sizes, please
refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging Specifications
Brochure, BRD8011/D.
AX8052F1313TX30
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44 mA @ 15 dBm, 868 Mhz
Wide Variety of Shaped Modulations Supported
(ASK, PSK, OQPSK, MSK, FSK, GFSK, 4FSK)
Flexible Shaping for the Modulations
Data Rates
1 to 350 kbps for FSK, MSK
1 to 2000 kbps for ASK
10 to 2000 kbps for PSK
Fully Integrated RF Frequency Synthesizer with
Ultrafast Settling Time for Lowpower Consumption
RF Carrier Frequency and FSK Deviation
Programmable in 1Hz Steps
802.15.4 Compatible
Few External Components
Channel Hopping up to 2000 hops/s
Up to +16 dBm at 433 MHz Programmable Transmitter
Power Amplifier for Long Range Operation
Crystal Oscillator with Programmable
Transconductance and Programmable Internal Tuning
Capacitors for Low Cost Crystals
Differential Antenna Pins
Dual Frequency Registers
Internally Generated Coding for Forward Vitebri Error
Correction
Software Compatible to AX5031
Applications
400 470 MHz and 800 940 MHz Data Transmission in
the Short Range Devices (SRD) Band
Suited for Systems targeting Compliance to
EN 300 220 Wide Band, FCC Part 15.247 and FCC
Part 15.249
Suited for Systems targeting Compliance with Wireless
MBus S/T Mode
802.15.4 Compatible
Telemetric Applications, Sensor Readout
Toys
Wireless Audio
Automatic Meter Reading
Wireless Networks
Remote Keyless Entry
Access Control
Garage Door Openers
Home Automation
Pointing Devices and Keyboards
Active RFID
AXEDSZ Debug \Nerluce mam mums. |:| AES cwpm Engme Cumuuvmors 3H musfievlsmve nsemi com Tmev Cuumer u Tmev Cuumer v Tmev Cuumer 2 omnur CumDureC omnur Cumuure v mum (Summer) mum eapmev
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BLOCK DIAGRAM
Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram of the AX8052F131
AX8052F131
ANTP
ANTN
Crystal
Oscillator
typ. 16MHz
FOUT
RF Frequency
Generation
Subsystem
FXTAL
Communication Controller &
Radio Interface Controller
Divider
PA
Encoder
Framing
FIFO
Modulator
CLK16P
CLK16N Radio configuration
VREG Voltage
Regulator
POR
256
Debug
Interface
AX8052
System
Controller
FLASH
64k
AES
Crypto Engine
ADC
Comparators
SPI
master/slave
UART 1
UART 0
Input
Capture 1
Input
Capture 0
Output
Compare 1
Output
Compare0
Timer
Counter 2
Timer
Counter 1
Timer
Counter 0
GPIO
PA0
PA1
PA2
PA3
PA4
PA5
PA6
PA7
RESET_N
GND
VDD_IO
8k
RAM
PC0
PC1
PC2
PC3
PB0
PB1
PB2
PB3
PB4
PB5
PB6
PB7
I/O Multiplexer
DBG_EN
IRQ Req
Reset, Clocks, Power
I-Bus
P-Bus
X-Bus
SFR-Bus
DMA
Controller
DMA Req
SYSCLK
VDDA
Temp Sensor
wakeup
oscillator
RC Oscillator
tuning fork
crystal
oscillator
wakeup
timer 2x
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Table 1. PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
Symbol Pin(s) Type Description
CLK16P 1 A Crystal oscillator input/output (RF reference)
CLK16N 2 A Crystal oscillator input/output (RF reference)
VDDA 3 P Power supply, must be supplied with regulated voltage VREG
GND 4 P Ground
ANTP 5 A Antenna output
ANTN 6 A Antenna output
GND 7 P Ground
VDDA 8 P Power supply, must be supplied with regulated voltage VREG
SYSCLK 9 I/O/PU Must be connected to SYSCLK at pin 13
T1 10 I/O/PU Must be connected to T1 at pin 12
T2 11 I/O/PU Must be left unconnected
T1 12 I/O/PU Must be connected to T1 at pin 10
SYSCLK 13 I/O/PU Must be connected to SYSCLK at pin 9
PC3 14 I/O/PU General Purpose IO
PC2 15 I/O/PU General Purpose IO
PC1 16 I/O/PU General Purpose IO
PC0 17 I/O/PU General Purpose IO
PB0 18 I/O/PU General Purpose IO
PB1 19 I/O/PU General Purpose IO
PB2 20 I/O/PU General Purpose IO
PB3 21 I/O/PU General Purpose IO
PB4 22 I/O/PU General Purpose IO
PB5 23 I/O/PU General Purpose IO
PB6 24 I/O/PU General Purpose IO, DBG_DATA
PB7 25 I/O/PU General Purpose IO, DBG_CLK
DBG_EN 26 I/PD InCircuit Debugger Enable
RESET_N 27 I/PU Optional reset pin
If this pin is not used it must be connected to VDD_IO
GND 28 P Ground
VDD_IO 29 P Unregulated power supply (battery input)
PA0 30 I/O/A/PU General Purpose IO
PA1 31 I/O/A/PU General Purpose IO
PA2 32 I/O/A/PU General Purpose IO
PA3 33 I/O/A/PU General Purpose IO
PA4 34 I/O/A/PU General Purpose IO
PA5 35 I/O/A/PU General Purpose IO
PA6 36 I/O/A/PU General Purpose IO
PA7 37 I/O/A/PU General Purpose IO
PC7 38 I/O/PU General Purpose IO
VREG 39 P Regulated output voltage
VDDA pins must be connected to this supply voltage
A 1 mF low ESR capacitor to GND must be connected to this pin
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Table 1. PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
Symbol DescriptionTypePin(s)
GND 40 P Ground
GND Center pad PGround on center pad of QFN, must be connected
A = analog input
I = digital input signal
O = digital output signal
PU = pullup
I/O = digital input/output signal
N = not to be connected
P = power or ground
PD = pulldown
All digital inputs are Schmitt trigger inputs, digital input
and output levels are LVCMOS/LVTTL compatible. Port A
Pins (PA0 PA7) must not be driven above VDD_IO, all
other digital inputs are 5 V tolerant. Pullups are
programmable for all GPIO pins.
Alternate Pin Functions
GPIO Pins are shared with dedicated Input/Output signals
of onchip peripherals. The following table lists the
available functions on each GPIO pin.
Table 2. ALTERNATE PIN FUNCTIONS
GPIO Alternate Functions
PA0 T0OUT IC1 ADC0
PA1 T0CLK OC1 ADC1
PA2 OC0 U1RX ADC2 COMPI00
PA3 T1OUT ADC3 LPXTALP
PA4 T1CLK COMPO0 ADC4 LPXTALN
PA5 IC0 U1TX ADC5 COMPI10
PA6 T2OUT ADCTRIG ADC6 COMPI01
PA7 T2CLK COMPO1 ADC7 COMPI11
PB0 U1TX IC1 EXTIRQ0
PB1 U1RX OC1
PB2 IC0 T2OUT
PB3 OC0 T2CLK EXTIRQ1 DSWAKE
PB4 U0TX T1CLK
PB5 U0RX T1OUT
PB6 DBG_DATA
PB7 DBG_CLK
PC0 SSEL T0OUT EXTIRQ0
PC1 SSCK T0CLK COMPO1
PC2 SMOSI U0TX
PC3 SMISO U0RX COMPO0
PC7 RPWRUP
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Pinout Drawing
Figure 2. Pinout Drawing (Top View)
AX8052F131
QFN40
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29
CLK16P
VDDA
CLK16N
GND
ANTP
ANTN
VDDA
GND
T1
T2
SYSCLK
COMPO0/U0RX/SMISO/PC3
U0TX/SMOSI/PC2
COMPO1/T0CLK/SSCK/PC1
EXTIRQ0/T0OUT/SSEL/PC0
EXTIRQ0/IC1/U1TX/PB0
OC1/U1RX/PB1
T2OUT/IC0/PB2
GND
VREG
PC7/RPWRUP
PA7/ADC7/T2CLK/COMPO1/COMPI11
PA6/ADC6/T2OUT/ADCTRIG/COMPI01
PA5/ADC5/IC0/U1TX/COMPI10
PA4/ADC4/T1CLK/COMPO0/LPXTALN
PA3/ADC3/T1OUT/LPXTALP
PA2/ADC2/OC0/U1RX/COMPI00
PA1/ADC1/T0CLK/OC1
PA0/ADC0/T0OUT/IC1
VDD_IO
GND
RESET_N
DBG_EN
PB7/DBG_CLK
PB6/DBG_DATA
PB5/U0RX/T1OUT
PB4/U0TX/T1CLK
PB3/OC0/T2CLK/EXTIRQ1/DSWAKE
SYSCLK
T1
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SPECIFICATIONS
Table 3. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Symbol Description Condition Min Max Units
VDD_IO Supply voltage 0.5 5.5 V
IDD Supply current 100 mA
Ptot Total power consumption 800 mW
II1 DC current into any pin except ANTP, ANTN 10 10 mA
II2 DC current into pins ANTP, ANTN 100 100 mA
IOOutput Current 40 mA
Via Input voltage ANTP, ANTN pins 0.5 5.5 V
Input voltage digital pins 0.5 5.5 V
Ves Electrostatic handling HBM 2000 2000 V
Tamb Operating temperature 40 85 °C
Tstg Storage temperature 65 150 °C
TjJunction Temperature 150 °C
Stresses exceeding those listed in the Maximum Ratings table may damage the device. If any of these limits are exceeded, device functionality
should not be assumed, damage may occur and reliability may be affected.
1. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
DC Characteristics
Table 4. SUPPLIES
Symbol Description Condition Min Typ Max Units
TAMB Operational ambient temperature 40 27 85 °C
VDD_IO I/O and voltage regulator supply voltage TX operation 2.2 3.0 3.6 V
Transmitter switched off 1.8 3.0 3.6 V
VDDIO_R1 I/O voltage ramp for reset activation;
Note 1
Ramp starts at VDD_IO 0.1 V,
starting with AX8052F1433 this
limitation to the VDD_IO ramp
for reset activation is no longer
necessary.
0.1 V/ms
VDDIO_R2 I/O voltage ramp for reset activation;
Note 1
Ramp starts at
0.1 V < VDD_IO < 0.7 V, starting
with AX8052F1433 this limita-
tion to the VDD_IO ramp for re-
set activation is no longer neces-
sary.
3.3 V/ms
VREG Internally regulated analog supply voltage Powerdown mode
AX5031_PWRMODE = 0x00
1.7 V
All other power modes 2.1 2.5 2.8 V
IDEEPSLEEP Deep Sleep current 250 nA
ISLEEP256PIN Sleep current, 256 Bytes RAM retained Wakeup from dedicated pin 700 nA
ISLEEP256 Sleep current, 256 Bytes RAM retained Wakeup Timer running at 640 Hz 1.1 mA
ISLEEP4K Sleep current, 4.25 kBytes RAM retained Wakeup Timer running at 640 Hz 1.7 mA
ISLEEP8K Sleep current, 8.25 kBytes RAM retained Wakeup Timer running at 640 Hz 2.4 mA
1. If VDD_IO ramps cannot be guaranteed, an external reset circuit is recommended for AX8052F1312 and AX8052F1312, see the
AX8052 Application Note: Power On Reset
2. The PA voltage is regulated to 2.5 V. For VDD_IO levels in the range of 2.2 V to 2.55 V the output power drops by typically 1 dBm.
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Table 4. SUPPLIES
Symbol UnitsMaxTypMinConditionDescription
ITX Current consumption TX for maximum
power with default matching network at
3.3 V VDD_IO,
Note 2
868 MHz, 15 dBm 22 mA
868 MHz, 0 dBm 13
868 MHz, 15 dBm 45
433 MHz, 10 dBm 22
433 MHz, 0 dBm 13
433 MHz, 15 dBm 45
TXvarvdd Variation of output power over voltage VDD_IO > 2.5 V, Note 2 ±0.5 dB
TXvartemp Variation of output power over tempera-
ture
VDD_IO > 2.5 V, Note 2 ±0.5 dB
IMCU Microcontroller running power consump-
tion
All peripherals disabled 150 mA/
MHz
IVSUP Voltage supervisor Run and standby mode 85 mA
IXTALOSC Crystal oscillator current
(RF reference oscillator)
16 MHz 160 mA
ILFXTALOSC Low frequency crystal oscillator current 32 kHz 700 nA
IRCOSC Internal oscillator current 20 MHz 210 mA
ILPOSC Internal Low Power Oscillator current 10 kHz 650 nA
640 Hz 210 nA
IADC ADC current 311 kSample/s, DMA 5 MHz 1.1 mA
1. If VDD_IO ramps cannot be guaranteed, an external reset circuit is recommended for AX8052F1312 and AX8052F1312, see the
AX8052 Application Note: Power On Reset
2. The PA voltage is regulated to 2.5 V. For VDD_IO levels in the range of 2.2 V to 2.55 V the output power drops by typically 1 dBm.
Note on current consumption in TX mode
To achieve best output power the matching network has to
be optimized for the desired output power and frequency. As
a rule of thumb a good matching network produces about
50% efficiency with the AX8052F131 power amplifier
although over 90% are theoretically possible. A typical
matching network has between 1 dB and 2 dB loss (Ploss).
The current consumption can be calculated as
ITX[mA] +1
PAefficiency
10
Pout[dBm])Ploss[dB]
10 B2.5V )Ioffset
Ioffset is about 12 mA for the VCO at 400 470 MHz and
11 mA for 800 940 MHz. The following table shows
calculated current consumptions versus output power for
Ploss = 1 dB, PAefficiency = 0.5 and Ioffset= 11 mA at 868 MHz.
Table 5.
Pout [dBm] I [mA]
0 13.0
1 13.2
2 13.6
3 14.0
4 14.5
5 15.1
6 16.0
7 17.0
8 18.3
9 20.0
10 22.0
11 24.6
12 27.96
13 32.1
14 37.3
15 43.8
The AX8052F131 power amplifier runs from the
regulated VDD supply and not directly from the battery.
This has the advantage that the current and output power do
not vary much over supply voltage and temperature from
2.55 V to 3.6 V supply voltage. Between 2.55 V and 2.2 V
a drop of about 1 dB in output power occurs.
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Table 6. LOGIC
Symbol Description Condition Min Typ Max Units
Digital Inputs
VT+ Schmitt trigger low to high threshold point VDD_IO = 3.3 V 1.55 V
VTSchmitt trigger high to low threshold point 1.25 V
VIL Input voltage, low 0.8 V
VIH Input voltage, high 2.0 V
VIPA Input voltage range, Port A 0.5 VDD_IO V
VIPBC Input voltage range, Ports B, C 0.5 5.5 V
ILInput leakage current 10 10 mA
RPU Programmable PullUp Resistance 65 kW
Digital Outputs
IOH P[ABC]x Output Current, high VOH = 2.4 V 8 mA
IOL P[ABC]x Output Current, low VOL = 0.4 V 8 mA
IOH SYSCLK Output Current, high VOH = 2.4 V 8 mA
IOL SYSCLK Output Current, low VOL = 0.4 V 8 mA
IOZ Tristate output leakage current 10 10 mA
AC Characteristics
Table 7. CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR (RF REFERENCE OSCILLATOR)
Symbol Description Condition Min Typ Max Units
fXTAL Crystal frequency Notes 1, 3 15.5 16 25 MHz
gmosc Transconductance oscillator AX5031_XTALOSCGM = 0000 1mS
AX5031_XTALOSCGM = 0001 2
AX5031_XTALOSCGM = 0010
default
3
AX5031_XTALOSCGM = 0011 4
AX5031_XTALOSCGM = 0100 5
AX5031_XTALOSCGM = 0101 6
AX5031_XTALOSCGM = 0110 6.5
AX5031_XTALOSCGM = 0111 7
AX5031_XTALOSCGM = 1000 7.5
AX5031_XTALOSCGM = 1001 8
AX5031_XTALOSCGM = 1010 8.5
AX5031_XTALOSCGM = 1011 9
AX5031_XTALOSCGM = 1100 9.5
AX5031_XTALOSCGM = 1101 10
AX5031_XTALOSCGM = 1110 10.5
AX5031_XTALOSCGM = 1111 11
Cosc Programmable tuning capacitors at pins
CLK16N and CLK16P
AX5031_XTALCAP = 000000
default
2pF
AX5031_XTALCAP = 111111 33
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Table 7. CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR (RF REFERENCE OSCILLATOR)
Cosclsb Programmable tuning capacitors, incre-
ment per LSB of AX5031_XTALCAP
0.5 pF
fext External clock input (TCXO) Notes 2, 3 15.5 15 25 MHz
Aosc Oscillator amplitude at pin CLK16P 0.5 V
RINosc Input DC impedance 10 kW
1. Tolerances and startup times depend on the crystal used. Depending on the RF frequency and channel spacing the IC must be calibrated
to the exact crystal frequency using the readings of the register AX5031_TRKFREQ.
2. If an external clock is used, it should be input via an AC coupling at pin CLK16P with the oscillator powered up and
AX5031_XTALCAP = 000000
3. Lower frequencies than 15.5 MHz or higher frequencies than 25 MHz can be used. However, not all typical RF frequencies can then be
generated.
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Table 8. RF FREQUENCY GENERATION SUBSYSTEM (SYNTHESIZER)
Symbol Description Condition Min Typ Max Units
fREF Reference frequency Note 1 16
24
MHz
frange_hi Frequency range BANDSEL = 0 800 940 MHz
frange_low BANDSEL = 1 400 470
fRESO Frequency resolution 1 Hz
BW1Synthesizer loop bandwidth
VCO current: VCOI = 001
Loop filter configuration: FLT = 01
Charge pump current: PLLCPI = 010
100 kHz
BW2Loop filter configuration: FLT = 01
Charge pump current: PLLCPI = 001
50
BW3Loop filter configuration: FLT = 11
Charge pump current: PLLCPI = 010
200
BW4Loop filter configuration: FLT = 10
Charge pump current: PLLCPI = 010
500
Tset1 Synthesizer settling time for
1 MHz step
VCO current: VCO_I = 001
Loop filter configuration: FLT = 01
Charge pump current: PLLCPI = 010
15 ms
Tset2 Loop filter configuration: FLT = 01
Charge pump current: PLLCPI = 001
30
Tset3 Loop filter configuration: FLT = 11
Charge pump current: PLLCPI = 010
7
Tset4 Loop filter configuration: FLT = 10
Charge pump current: PLLCPI = 010
3
Tstart1 Synthesizer startup time if
crystal oscillator and refer-
ence are running
VCO current: VCO_I = 001
Loop filter configuration: FLT = 01
Charge pump current: PLLCPI = 010
25 ms
Tstart2 Loop filter configuration: FLT = 01
Charge pump current: PLLCPI = 001
50
Tstart3 Loop filter configuration: FLT = 11
Charge pump current: PLLCPI = 010
12
Tstart4 Loop filter configuration: FLT = 10
Charge pump current: PLLCPI = 010
5
PN8681Synthesizer phase noise
Loop filter configuration:
FLT = 01
Charge pump current: PLL-
CPI = 010
VCO current: VCO_I = 001
868 MHz, 50 kHz from carrier 85 dBc/Hz
868 MHz, 100 kHz from carrier 90
868 MHz, 300 kHz from carrier 100
868 MHz, 2 MHz from carrier 110
PN4331433 MHz, 50 kHz from carrier 90
433 MHz, 100 kHz from carrier 95
433 MHz, 300 kHz from carrier 105
433 MHz, 2 MHz from carrier 115
PN8682Synthesizer phase noise
Loop filter configuration:
FLT = 01
Charge pump current: PLL-
CPI = 001
VCO current: VCO_I = 001
868 MHz, 50 kHz from carrier 80 dBc/Hz
868 MHz, 100 kHz from carrier 90
868 MHz, 300 kHz from carrier 105
868 MHz, 2 MHz from carrier 115
PN4332433 MHz, 50 kHz from carrier 90
433 MHz, 100 kHz from carrier 95
433 MHz, 300 kHz from carrier 110
433 MHz, 2 MHz from carrier 122
1. ASK, PSK and 1200 kbps FSK with 16 MHz crystal, 200350 kbps FSK with 24 MHz crystal.
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Table 9. TRANSMITTER
Symbol Description Condition Min Typ Max Units
SBR Signal bit rate ASK 1 2000 kbps
PSK 10 2000
FSK, (Note 2) 1 350
802.15.4 (DSSS)
ASK and PSK
1 40
802.15.4 (DSSS)
FSK
1 16
PTX868 Transmitter power @ 868 MHz TXRNG = 1111 15 dBm
PTX433 Transmitter power @ 433 MHz TXRNG = 1111 16 dBm
PTX868harm2 Emission @ 2nd harmonic (Note 1) 50 dBc
PTX868harm3 Emission @ 3rd harmonic 55
1. Additional lowpass filtering was applied to the antenna interface, see applications section.
2. 1 200 kbps with a 16 MHz crystal, 200 350 kbps with 24 MHz crystal
Table 10. LOW FREQUENCY CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
Symbol Description Condition Min Typ Max Units
fLPXTAL Crystal frequency 32 150 kHz
gmlpxosc Transconductance oscillator LPXOSCGM = 00110 3.5 ms
LPXOSCGM = 01000 4.6
LPXOSCGM = 01100 6.9
LPXOSCGM = 10000 9.1
RINlpxosc Input DC impedance 10 MW
Table 11. INTERNAL LOW POWER OSCILLATOR
Symbol Description Condition Min Typ Max Units
fLPOSC Oscillation Frequency LPOSCFAST = 0
Factory calibration applied. Over the
full temperature and voltage range
630 640 650 Hz
LPOSCFAST = 1
Factory calibration applied. Over the
full temperature and voltage range
10.08 10.24 10.39 kHz
Table 12. INTERNAL RC OSCILLATOR
Symbol Description Condition Min Typ Max Units
fFRCOSC Oscillation Frequency Factory calibration applied. Over the
full temperature and voltage range
19.8 20 20.2 MHz
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Table 13. MICROCONTROLLER
Symbol Description Condition Min Typ Max Units
TSYSCLKL SYSCLK Low 27 ns
TSYSCLKH SYSCLK High 21 ns
TSYSCLKP SYSCLK Period 47 ns
TFLWR FLASH Write Time 2 Bytes 20 ms
TFLPE FLASH Page Erase 1 kBytes 2 ms
TFLE FLASH Secure Erase 64 kBytes 10 ms
TFLEND FLASH Endurance: Erase Cycles 10 000 100 000 Cycles
TFLRETroom FLASH Data Retention 25°C
See Figure 3 for the lower limit
set by the memory qualification
100 Years
TFLREThot 85°C
See Figure 3 for the lower limit
set by the memory qualification
10
Figure 3. FLASH Memory Qualification Limit for Data Retention after 10k Erase Cycles
10
100
1000
10000
100000
15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85
Temperature [5C]
Data retention time [years]
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Table 14. ADC / COMPARATOR / TEMPERATURE SENSOR
Symbol Description Condition Min Typ Max Units
ADCSR ADC sampling rate GPADC mode 30 500 kHz
ADCSR_T ADC sampling rate temperature sensor mode 10 15.6 30 kHz
ADCRES ADC resolution 10 Bits
VADCREF ADC reference voltage & comparator internal
reference voltage
0.95 1 1.05 V
ZADC00 Input capacitance 2.5 pF
DNL Differential nonlinearity ±1 LSB
INL Integral nonlinearity ±1 LSB
OFF Offset 3 LSB
GAIN_ERR Gain error 0.8 %
ADC in Differential Mode
VABS_DIFF Absolute voltages & common mode voltage in
differential mode at each input
0 VDD_IO V
VFS_DIFF01 Full swing input for differential signals Gain x1 500 500 mV
VFS_DIFF10 Gain x10 50 50 mV
ADC in Single Ended Mode
VMID_SE Mid code input voltage in single ended mode 0.5 V
VIN_SE00 Input voltage in single ended mode 0 VDD_IO V
VFS_SE01 Full swing input for single ended signals Gain x1 0 1 V
Comparators
VCOMP_ABS Comparator absolute input voltage 0 VDD_IO V
VCOMP_COM Comparator input common mode 0VDD_IO
0.8
V
VCOMPOFF Comparator input offset voltage 20 mV
Temperature Sensor
TRNG Temperature range 40 85 °C
TRES Temperature resolution 0.1607 °C/LSB
TERR_CAL Temperature error Factory calibration
applied
2 2 °C
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CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The AX8052F131 is a single chip ultralowpower
RFmicrocontroller SoC primarily for use in SRD bands.
The onchip transmitter consists of a fully integrated RF
frontend with modulator, and demodulator. Base band data
processing is implemented in an advanced and flexible
communication controller that enables user friendly
communication.
The AX8052F131 contains a high speed microcontroller
compatible to the industry standard 8052 instruction set. It
contains 64 kBytes of FLASH and 8.25 kBytes of internal
SRAM.
The AX8052F131 features 3 16bit general purpose
timers with SD capability, 2 output compare units for
generating PWM signals, 2 input compare units to record
timings of external signals, 2 16bit wakeup timers, a
watchdog timer, 2 UARTs, a Master/Slave SPI controller, a
10bit 500 kSample/s A/D converter, 2 analog comparators,
a temperature sensor, a 2 channel DMA controller, and a
dedicated AES crypto controller. Debugging is aided by a
dedicated hardware debug interface controller that connects
using a 3wire protocol (1 dedicated wire, 2 shared with
GPIO) to the PC hosting the debug software.
While the radio carrier can only be clocked by the crystal
oscillator (carrier stability requirements dictate a high
stability reference clock in the MHz range), the
microcontroller and its peripherals provide extremely
flexible clocking options. The system clock that clocks the
microcontroller, as well as peripheral clocks, can be selected
from one of the following clock sources: the crystal
oscillator, an internal high speed 20 MHz oscillator, an
internal low speed 640 Hz/10 kHz oscillator, or the low
frequency crystal oscillator. Prescalers offer additional
flexibility with their programmable divide by a power of two
capability. To improve the accuracy of the internal
oscillators, both oscillators may be slaved to the crystal
oscillator.
AX8052F131 can be operated from a 2.2 V to 3.6 V power
supply over a temperature range of –40°C to 85°C, it
consumes 11 45 mA for transmitting, depending on the
output power.
The AX8052F131 features make it an ideal interface for
integration into various battery powered SRD solutions such
as ticketing or as transmitter for telemetric applications e.g.
in sensors. As primary application, the transmitter is
intended for UHF radio equipment in accordance with the
European Telecommunication Standard Institute (ETSI)
specification EN 300 2201 and the US Federal
Communications Commission (FCC) standard CFR47, part
15. The use of AX8052F131 in accordance to FCC Par
15.247, allows for improved range in the 915 MHz band.
Additionally AX8052F131 is compatible with the low
frequency standards of 802.15.4 (ZigBee) and suited for
systems targeting compliance with Wireless MBus
standard EN 137574:2005
The AX8052F131 sends data in frames. This standard
operation mode is called Frame Mode. Pre and post ambles
as well as checksums can be generated automatically.
AX8052F131 supports any data rate from 1 kbps to
350 kbps for FSK and MSK, from 1 kbps to 2000 kbps for
ASK and from 10 kbps to 2000 kbps for PSK. To achieve
optimum performance for specific data rates and
modulation schemes several register settings to configure
the AX8052F131 are necessary, they are outlined in the
following, for details see the AX5031 Programming
Manual.
Spreading is possible on all data rates and modulation
schemes. The net transfer rate is reduced by a factor of 15 in
this case. For ZigBee either 600 or 300 kbps modes have to
be chosen.
The transmitter supports multichannel operation for all
data rates and modulation schemes.
Microcontroller
The AX8052 microcontroller core executes the industry
standard 8052 instruction set. Unlike the original 8052,
many instructions are executed in a single cycle. The system
clock and thus the instruction rate can be programmed freely
from DC to 20 MHz.
Memory Architecture
The AX8052 Microcontroller features the highest
bandwidth memory architecture of its class. Figure 4 shows
the memory architecture. Three bus masters may initiate bus
cycles:
The AX8052 Microcontroller Core
The Direct Memory Access (DMA) Engine
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Engine
Bus targets include:
Two individual 4 kBytes RAM blocks located in X
address space, which can be simultaneously accessed
and individually shut down or retained during sleep
mode
A 256 Byte RAM located in internal address space,
which is always retained during sleep mode
A 64 kBytes FLASH memory located in code space.
Special Function Registers (SFR) located in internal
address space accessible using direct address mode
instructions
Additional Registers located in X address space
(X Registers)
The upper half of the FLASH memory may also be
accessed through the X address space. This simplifies and
makes the software more efficient by reducing the need for
generic pointers.
NOTE: Generic pointers include, in addition to the
address, an address space tag.
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SFR Registers are also accessible through X address
space, enabling indirect access to SFR registers. This allows
driver code for multiple identical peripherals (such as
UARTs or Timers) to be shared.
The 4 word × 16 bit fully associative cache and a prefetch
controller hide the latency of the FLASH.
Figure 4. AX8052 Memory Architecture
Arbiter
XRAM
00000FFF
Arbiter
XRAM
10001FFF
Arbiter
X Registers
40007FFF
Arbiter
SFR Registers
80FF
Arbiter
IRAM
00FF
Arbiter
FLASH
0000FFFF
AES DMA
X Bus
AX8052
SFR Bus IRAM Bus Code Bus
Cache
Prefetch
The AX8052 Memory Architecture is fully parallel. All
bus masters may simultaneously access different bus targets
during each system clock cycle. Each bus target includes an
arbiter that resolves access conflicts. Each arbiter ensures
that no bus master can be starved.
Both 4 kBytes RAM blocks may be individually retained
or switched off during sleep mode. The 256 Byte RAM is
always retained during sleep mode.
The AES engine accesses memory 16 bits at a time. It is
therefore slightly faster to align its buffers on even
addresses.
Memory Map
The AX8052, like the other industry standard 8052
compatible microcontrollers, uses a Harvard architecture.
Multiple address spaces are used to access code and data.
Figure 5 shows the AX8052 memory map.
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Figure 5. AX8052 Memory Map
XRAM
FLASH
0000007F
008000FF
01001FFF
2000207F
20803F7F
3F803FFF
40004FFF
50005FFF
60007FFF
8000FBFF
FC00FFFF
Address
Calibration Data
IRAM
IRAM
P (Code) Space X Space
I (internal) Space
direct access indirect access
SFR
IRAM
SFR
RREG
RREG (nb)
XREG
FLASH
Calibration Data
The AX8052 uses P or Code Space to access its program.
Code space may also be read using the MOVC instruction.
Smaller amounts of data can be placed in the Internal (see
Note) or Data Space. A distinction is made in the upper half
of the Data Space between direct accesses (MOV reg,addr;
MOV addr,reg) and indirect accesses (MOV reg,@Ri;
MOV @Ri,reg; PUSH; POP); Direct accesses are routed to
the Special Function Registers, while indirect accesses are
routed to the internal RAM.
NOTE: The origin of Internal versus External (X) Space
is historical. External Space used to be outside
of the chip on the original 8052
Microcontrollers.
Large amounts of data can be placed in the External or X
Space. It can be accessed using the MOVX instructions.
Special Function Registers, as well as additional
Microcontroller Registers (XREG) and the Radio Registers
(RREG) are also mapped into the X Space.
Detailed documentation of the Special Function Registers
(SFR) and additional Microcontroller Registers can be
found in the AX8052 Programming Manual.
The Radio Registers are documented in the AX5031
Programming Manual. Register Addresses given in the
AX5031 Programming Manual are relative to the beginning
of RREG, i.e. 0x4000 must be added to these addresses. It
is recommended that the provided AX8052F131.h header
file is used; Radio Registers are prefixed with AX5031_ in
the AX8052F131.h header file to avoid clashes of
samename Radio Registers with AX8052 registers.
Normally, accessing Radio Registers through the RREG
address range is adequate. Since Radio Register accesses
have a higher latency than other AX8052 registers, the
AX8052 provides a method for nonblocking access to the
Radio Registers. Accessing the RREG (nb) address range
initiates a Radio Register access, but does not wait for its
completion. The details of mechanism is documented in the
Radio Interface section of the AX8052 Programming
Manual.
The FLASH memory is organized as 64 pages of 1 kBytes
each. Each page can be individually erased. The write word
size is 16 Bits. The last 1 kByte page is dedicated to factory
calibration data and should not be overwritten.
Power Management
The microcontroller power mode can be selected
independently from the transmitter. The microcontroller
supports the following power modes:
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Table 15. POWER MANAGEMENT
PCON
register Name Description
00 RUNNING The microcontroller and all peripherals are running. Current consumption depends on the system clock
frequency and the enabled peripherals and their clock frequency.
01 STANDBY The microcontroller is stopped. All register and memory contents are retained. All peripherals continue to
function normally. Current consumption is determined by the enabled peripherals. STANDBY is exited
when any of the enabled interrupts become active.
10 SLEEP The microcontroller and its peripherals, except GPIO and the system controller, are shut down. Their regis-
ter settings are lost. The internal RAM is retained. The external RAM is split into two 4 kByte blocks. Soft-
ware can determine individually for both blocks whether contents of that block are to be retained or lost.
SLEEP can be exited by any of the enabled GPIO or system controller interrupts. For most applications
this will be a GPIO or wakeup timer interrupt.
11 DEEPSLEEP The microcontroller, all peripherals and the transceiver are shut down. Only 4 bytes of scratch RAM are
retained. DEEPSLEEP can only be exited by tying the PB3 pin low.
Clocking
Figure 6. Clock System Diagram
LPOSC
Calib
FRCOSC
Calib
Wakeup
Timer
WDT
Clock
Monitor
Prescaler
÷1,2,4,...
FRCOSC
XOSC
LPXOSC
LPOSC
Interrupt
Internal Reset
SYSCLK
Glitch Free Clock Switch
System Clock
The system clock can be derived from any of the following
clock sources:
The crystal oscillator (RF reference oscillator, typically
16 MHz, via SYSCLK)
The low speed crystal oscillator (typical 32 kHz tuning
fork)
The internal high speed RC (20 MHz) oscillator
The internal low power (640 Hz/10 kHz) oscillator
An additional prescaler allows the selected oscillator to
be divided by a power of two. After reset, the
microcontroller starts with the internal high speed RC
oscillator selected and divided by two. I.e. at startup, the
microcontroller runs with 10 MHz ± 10%. Clocks may be
switched any time by writing to the CLKCON register. In
order to prevent clock glitches, the switching takes
approximately 2·(T1+T2), where T1 and T2 are the periods
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of the old and the new clock. Switching may take longer if
the new oscillator first has to start up. Internal oscillators
start up instantaneously, but crystal oscillators may take a
considerable amount of time to start the oscillation.
CLKSTAT can be read to determine the clock switching
status.
A programmable clock monitor resets the CLKCON
register when no system clock transitions are found during
a programmable time interval, thus reverts to the internal RC
oscillator.
Both internal oscillators can be slaved to one of the crystal
oscillators to increase the accuracy of the oscillation
frequency. While the reference oscillator runs, the internal
oscillator is slaved to the reference frequency by a digital
frequency locked loop. When the reference oscillator is
switched off, the internal oscillator continues to run
unslaved with the last frequency setting.
Reset and Interrupts
After reset, the microcontroller starts executing at address
0x0000. Several events can lead to resetting the
microcontroller core:
POR or hardware RESET_N pin activated and released
Leaving SLEEP or DEEPSLEEP mode
Watchdog Reset
Software Reset
The reset cause can be determined by reading the PCON
register.
The microcontroller supports 22 interrupt sources. Each
interrupt can be individually enabled and can be
programmed to have one of two possible priorities. The
interrupt vectors are located at 0x0003, 0x000B,,
0x00AB.
Debugging
A hardware debug unit considerably eases debugging
compared to other 8052 microcontrollers. It allows to
reliably stop the microcontroller at breakpoints even if the
stack is smashed. The debug unit communicates with the
host PC running the debugger using a 3 wire interface. One
wire is dedicated (DBG_EN), while two wires are shared
with GPIO pins (PB6, PB7). When DBG_EN is driven high,
PB6 and PB7 convert to debug interface pins and the GPIO
functionality is no longer available. A pin emulation feature
however allows bits PINB[7:6] to be set and PORTB[7:6]
and DIRB[7:6] to be read by the debugger software. This
allows for example switches or LEDs connected to the PB6,
PB7 pins to be emulated in the debugger software whenever
the debugger is active.
In order to protect the intellectual property of the firmware
developer, the debug interface can be locked using a
developerselectable 64bit key. The debug interface is then
disabled and can only be enabled with the knowledge of this
64bit key. Therefore, unauthorized persons cannot read the
firmware through the debug interface, but debugging is still
possible for authorized persons. Secure erase can be initiated
without key knowledge; secure erase ensures that the main
FLASH array is completely erased before erasing the key,
reverting the chip into factory state.
The DebugLink peripheral looks like an UART to the
microcontroller, and allows exchange of data between the
microcontroller and the host PC without disrupting program
execution.
Timer, Output Compare and Input Capture
The AX8052F131 features three general purpose 16bit
timers. Each timer can be clocked by the system clock, any
of the available oscillators, or a dedicated input pin. The
timers also feature a programmable clock inversion, a
programmable prescaler that can divide by powers of two,
and an optional clock synchronization logic that
synchronizes the clock to the system clock. All three
counters are identical and feature four different counting
modes, as well as a SD mode that can be used to output an
analog value on a dedicated digital pin only employing a
simple RC lowpass filter.
Two output compare units work in conjunction with one
of the timers to generate PWM signals.
Two input capture units work in conjunction with one of
the timers to measure transitions on an input signal.
For software timekeeping, two additional 16bit wakeup
timers with 4 16bit event registers are provided, generating
an interrupt on match events.
UART
The AX8052F131 features two universal asynchronous
receiver transmitters. They use one of the timers as baud rate
generator. Word length can be programmed from 5 to 9 bits.
SPI Master/Slave Controller
The AX8052F131 features a master/slave SPI controller.
Both 3 and 4 wire SPI variants are supported. In master
mode, any of the onchip oscillators or the system clock may
be selected as clock source. An additional prescaler with
divide by two capability provides additional clocking
flexibility. Shift direction, as well as clock phase and
inversion, are programmable.
ADC, Analog Comparators and Temperature Sensor
The AX8052F131 features a 10bit, 500 kSample/s
Analog to Digital converter. Figure 7 shows the block
diagram of the ADC. The ADC supports both single ended
and differential measurements. It uses an internal reference
of 1 V. ×1, ×10 and ×0.1 gain modes are provided. The ADC
may digitize signals on PA0PA7, as well as VDD_IO and
an internal temperature sensor. The user can define four
channels which are then converted sequentially and stored
in four separate result registers. Each channel configuration
consists of the multiplexer and the gain setting.
The AX8052F131 contains an onchip temperature
sensor. Builtin calibration logic allows the temperature
sensor to be calibrated in °C, °F or any other user defined
temperature scale.
WW PM E PAI g PAD E XOJ‘XI‘XIOa Smgle Ended LNNN J PACOMPDIN L LACOMPOREF J PACOMPHN E LACOMMREF Figure 7. ADC Block Diag www.cnsemi.com 20
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The AX8052F131 also features two analog comparators.
Each comparator can either compare two voltages on
dedicated PA pins, or one voltage against the internal 1 V
reference. The comparator output can be routed to a
dedicated digital output pin or can be read by software. The
comparators are clocked with the system clock.
Figure 7. ADC Block Diagram
Temperature
Sensor
ADC Core
Clock Trigger
Gain Ref
VREF
1 V
VDDIO
PA7
PA6
PA5
PA4
PA3
PA2
PA1
PA0
PPP
NNN
FRCOSC
LPOSC
XOSC
LPXOSC
SYSCLK
System Clock
One Shot
Free Running
Timer 0
Timer 1
Timer 2
PC4
ADC Result
ACOMP1REF
ACOMP1ST/PA7/PC1ACOMP1IN
ACOMP1INV
ACOMP0IN
ACOMP0REF
ACOMP0INV
ACOMP0ST/PA4/PC3
System Clock
ADCCONV
ADCCLKSRC
x 0.1, x 1, x 10
Single Ended 0.5 V
Prescaler
÷1,2,4,8,...
DMA Controller
The AX8052F131 features a dual channel DMA engine.
Each DMA channel can either transfer data from XRAM to
almost any peripheral on chip, or from almost any peripheral
to XRAM. Both channels may also be crosslinked for
memorymemory transfers. The DMA channels use buffer
descriptors to find the buffers where data is to be retrieved
or placed, thus enabling very flexible buffering strategies.
The DMA channels access XRAM in a cycle steal fashion.
They access XRAM whenever XRAM is not used by the
microcontroller. Their priority is lower than the
microcontroller, thus interfering very little with the
microcontroller. Additional logic prevents starvation of the
DMA controller.
it is recommended to use 16 MHZ as reference frequency for ASK and PSK modulations independent of the data rate. For FSK it is recommended to use a 16 MHz crystal for data rates below 200 kbps and 24 MHz for data rates above 200 kbps. The oscillator circuit is enabled by programming the AXSl)31_PWRMODE register. At power—up it is not enabled. To adjust the circuit's characteristics to the quartz crystal being used, without using additional external components, both the transconductance and the tuning capacitance of the crystal oscillator can be programmed. The transconductance is programmed via register bits XTALOSCGM[3:0] in register Axsn3l_XTALosc. The integrated programmable tuning capacitor bank makes it possible to connect the oscillator directly to pins CLKIGN and CLK16P without the need for external capacitors. It is programmed using bits XTALCAP[5:l)] in register Axsn3l_XTALCAP. Alternatively a single ended reference (Tcxo, cx0) may be used. The CMOS levels should be applied to CLKloP via an AC coupling with the crystal oscillator enabled. SYSCLK Output The SYSCLK pin outputs the RF reference clock signal divided by a programmable integer. Divisions from 1 to 2042; are pt., 1e. For divider ratios > 1 the duty cycle is 50%. Bits SYSCLK[3:(J] in the AXSl)31_PlNCFGl register set the divider ratio. The SYSCLK output can be dis bled. Power—on—Heset (PDR) and RESET_N Input AX8052F131 h , an integrated power—on—reset block which is edge . itive to VDD_IO. For many common application c' no external re, t circuitry required. However, if VDD_10 ramps cannot be guaranteed, an 0|ny Speelal Function PAL'rxy |NTCHGx.y Interrupt Pl Nx.y Ple read clock ANALOGX y www.cnsemi.eam 21
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AES Engine
The AX8052F131 contains a dedicated engine for the
government mandated Advanced Encryption Standard
(AES). It features a dedicated DMA engine and reads input
data as well as key stream data from the XRAM, and writes
output data into a programmable buffer in the XRAM. The
round number is programmable; the chip therefore supports
AES128, AES192, and AES256, as well as higher
security proprietary variants. Keystream (key expansion) is
performed in software, adding to the flexibility of the AES
engine. ECB (electronic codebook), CFB (cipher feedback)
and OFB (output feedback) modes are directly supported
without software intervention.
Crystal Oscillator (RF Reference Oscillator)
The onchip crystal oscillator allows the use of an
inexpensive quartz crystal as the RF generation subsystem’s
timing reference. Although a wider range of crystal
frequencies can be handled by the crystal oscillator circuit,
it is recommended to use 16 MHz as reference frequency for
ASK and PSK modulations independent of the data rate. For
FSK it is recommended to use a 16 MHz crystal for data rates
below 200 kbps and 24 MHz for data rates above 200 kbps.
The oscillator circuit is enabled by programming the
AX5031_PWRMODE register. At powerup it is not
enabled.
To adjust the circuit’s characteristics to the quartz crystal
being used, without using additional external components,
both the transconductance and the tuning capacitance of the
crystal oscillator can be programmed.
The transconductance is programmed via register bits
XTALOSCGM[3:0] in register AX5031_XTALOSC.
The integrated programmable tuning capacitor bank
makes it possible to connect the oscillator directly to pins
CLK16N and CLK16P without the need for external
capacitors. It is programmed using bits XTALCAP[5:0] in
register AX5031_XTALCAP.
Alternatively a single ended reference (TCXO, CXO)
may be used. The CMOS levels should be applied to
CLK16P via an AC coupling with the crystal oscillator
enabled.
SYSCLK Output
The SYSCLK pin outputs the RF reference clock signal
divided by a programmable integer. Divisions from 1 to
2048 are possible. For divider ratios > 1 the duty cycle is
50%. Bits SYSCLK[3:0] in the AX5031_PINCFG1 register
set the divider ratio. The SYSCLK output can be disabled.
PoweronReset (POR) and RESET_N Input
AX8052F131 has an integrated poweronreset block
which is edge sensitive to VDD_IO. For many common
application cases no external reset circuitry is required.
However, if VDD_IO ramps cannot be guaranteed, an
external reset circuit is recommended. For detailed
recommendations and requirements see the AX8052
Application Note: Power On Reset.
After POR or reset all registers are set to their default
values.
The RESET_N pin contains a weak pullup. However, it
is strongly recommended to connect the RESET_N pin to
VDD_IO if not used, for additional robustness.
The AX8052F131 can be reset by software as well. The
microcontroller is reset by writing 1 to the SWRESET bit of
the PCON register. The transmitter can be reset by first
writing 1 and then 0 to the RST bit in the
AX5031_PWRMODE register.
Ports
VDDIO
PORTx.y
DIRx.y
Special Function
PALTx.y
PINx read clock
PINx.y
Interrupt
INTCHGx.y
ANALOGx.y
65 kW
Figure 8. Port Pin Schematic
Figure 8 shows the GPIO logic. The DIR register bit
determines whether the port pin acts as an output (1) or an
input (0).
If configured as an output, the PALT register bit
determines whether the port pin is connected to a peripheral
output (1), or used as a GPIO pin (0). In the latter case, the
PORT register bit determines the port pin drive value.
If configured as an input, the PORT register bit determines
whether a pullup resistor is enabled (1) or disabled (0).
Inputs have Schmitttrigger characteristic. Port A inputs
may be disabled by setting the ANALOGA register bit; this
prevents additional current consumption if the voltage level
of the port pin is midway between logic low and logic high,
when the pin is used as an analog input.
Port A, B and C pins may interrupt the microcontroller if
their level changes. The INTCHG register bit enables the
interrupt. The PIN register bit reflects the value of the port
pin. Reading the PIN register also resets the interrupt if
interrupt on change is enabled.
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TRANSMITTER
The transmitter block is controllable through its registers,
which are mapped into the X data space of the
microcontroller. The transmitter block features its own
32 word × 10 bit FIFO. The microcontroller can either be
interrupted at a programmable FIFO fill level, or one of the
DMA channels can be instructed to transfer between XRAM
and the transmitter FIFO.
RF Frequency Generation Subsystem
The RF frequency generation subsystem consists of a
fully integrated synthesizer, which multiplies the reference
frequency from the crystal oscillator to get the desired RF
frequency. The advanced architecture of the synthesizer
enables frequency resolutions of 1 Hz, as well as fast settling
times of 5 – 50 ms depending on the settings (see section AC
Characteristics). Fast settling times mean fast startup,
which enables lowpower system design.
The frequency must be programmed to the desired carrier
frequency.
The synthesizer loop bandwidth can be programmed, this
serves three purposes:
1. Startup time optimization, startup is faster for
higher synthesizer loop bandwidths
2. TX spectrum optimization, phasenoise at
300 kHz to 1 MHz distance from the carrier
improves with lower synthesizer loop bandwidths
3. Adaptation of the bandwidth to the datarate. For
transmission of FSK and MSK it is required that
the synthesizer bandwidth must be in the order of
the datarate.
VCO
An onchip VCO converts the control voltage generated
by the charge pump and loop filter into an output frequency.
The frequency can be programmed in 1 Hz steps in the
AX5031_FREQ registers. For operation in the 433 MHz
band, the BANDSEL bit in the AX5031_PLLLOOP
register must be programmed.
VCO AutoRanging
The AX8052F131 has an integrated autoranging
function, which allows to set the correct VCO range for
specific frequency generation subsystem settings
automatically. Typically it has to be executed after
powerup. The function is initiated by setting the
RNG_START bit in the AX5031_PLLRANGING register.
The bit is readable and a 0 indicates the end of the ranging
process. The RNGERR bit indicates the correct execution of
the autoranging.
Loop Filter and Charge Pump
The AX8052F131 internal loop filter configuration
together with the charge pump current sets the synthesizer
loop band width. The loopfilter has three configurations
that can be programmed via the register bits FLT[1:0] in
register AX5031_PLLLOOP, the charge pump current can
be programmed using register bits PLLCPI[1:0] also in
register AX5031_PLLLOOP. Synthesizer bandwidths are
typically 50 – 500 kHz depending on the
AX5031_PLLLOOP settings, for details see the section:
AC Characteristics.
Registers
Table 16. REGISTERS
Register Bits Purpose
AX5031_PLLLOOP FLT[1:0] Synthesizer loop filter bandwidth, recommended usage is to increase the bandwidth for faster
settling time, bandwidth increases of factor 2 and 5 are possible.
PLLCPI[2:0] Synthesizer charge pump current, recommended usage is to decrease the bandwidth (and im-
prove the phasenoise) for low datarate transmissions.
BANDSEL Switches between 868 MHz / 915 MHz and 433 MHz bands
AX5031_FREQ Programming of the carrier frequency
AX5031_FREQB Programming of the 2nd carrier frequency, switch to this carrier frequency by setting bit FRE-
QSEL = 1
AX5031_PLLRANGING Initiate VCO autoranging and check results
RF Input and Output Stage (ANTP/ANTN)
The AX8052F131 uses fully differential antenna pins.
The PA drives the signal generated by the frequency
generation subsystem out to the differential antenna
terminals. The output power of the PA is programmed via
bits TXRNG[3:0] in the register AX5031_TXPWR. Output
power as well as harmonic content will depend on the
external impedance seen by the PA, recommendations are
given in section: Antenna Interface Circuitry.
Encoder
The encoder is located between the Framing Unit and the
Modulator. It can optionally transform the bitstream in the
following ways:
It can invert the bit stream.
It can perform differential encoding. This means that a
zero is transmitted as no change in the level, and a one
is transmitted as a change in the level. Differential
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encoding is useful for PSK, because PSK transmissions
can be received either as transmitted or inverted, due to
the uncertainty of the initial phase. Differential
encoding / decoding removes this uncertainty.
It can perform Manchester encoding. Manchester
encoding ensures that the modulation has no DC
content and enough transitions (changes from 0 to 1 and
from 1 to 0) for the demodulator bit timing recovery to
function correctly, but does so at a doubling of the data
rate.
It can perform Spectral Shaping. Spectral shaping
removes DC content of the bit stream, ensures
transitions for the demodulator bit timing recovery, and
makes sure that the transmitted spectrum does not have
discrete lines even if the transmitted data is cyclic. It
does so without adding additional bits, i.e. without
changing the data rate. Spectral Shaping uses a self
synchronizing feedback shift register.
The encoder is programmed using the register
AX5031_ENCODING, details and recommendations on
usage are given in the AX5031 Programming Manual.
Framing and FIFO
Most radio systems today group data into packets. The
framing unit is responsible for converting these packets into
a bitstream suitable for the modulator.
The Framing unit supports three different modes:
HDLC
Raw
802.15.4 compliant
The microcontroller communicates with the framing unit
through a 32 level × 10 bit FIFO. The FIFO decouples
microcontroller timing from the radio (modulator) timing.
The bottom 8 bits of the FIFO contain transmit data. The top
2 bits are used to convey meta information in HDLC and
802.15.4 modes. They are unused in Raw mode. The meta
information consists of packet begin / end information and
the result of CRC checks.
The FIFO can be operated in polled or interrupt driven
modes. In polled mode, the microcontroller must
periodically read the FIFO status register or the FIFO count
register to determine whether the FIFO needs servicing.
In interrupt mode EMPTY, NOT EMPTY, FULL, NOT
FULL and programmable level interrupts are provided.
Interrupts are acknowledged by removing the cause for the
interrupt, i.e. by emptying or filling the FIFO.
To lower the interrupt load on the microcontroller, one of
the DMA channels may be instructed to transfer data
between the transmitter FIFO and the XRAM memory. This
way, much larger buffers can be realized in XRAM, and
interrupts need only be serviced if the larger XRAM buffers
fill or empty.
HDLC Mode
NOTE: HDLC mode follows HighLevel Data Link
Control (HDLC, ISO 13239) protocol.
HDLC Mode is the main framing mode of the
AX8052F131. In this mode, the AX8052F131 performs
automatic packet delimiting, and optional packet
correctness check by inserting and checking a cyclic
redundancy check (CRC) field.
The packet structure is given in the following table.
Table 17.
Flag Address Control Information FCS Flag
8 bit 8 bit 8 or 16 bit Variable length, 0 or more bits in multiples of 8 16 / 32 bit 8 bit
HDLC packets are delimited with flag sequences of
content 0x7E.
In AX8052F131 the meaning of address and control is
user defined. The Frame Check Sequence (FCS) can be
programmed to be CRCCCITT, CRC16 or CRC32.
For details on implementing a HDLC communication see
the AX5031 Programming Manual.
Raw Mode
In Raw mode, the AX8052F131 does not perform any
packet delimiting or byte synchronization. It simply
serializes transmit bytes.
This mode is ideal for implementing legacy protocols in
software.
802.15.4 (ZigBee) DSSS
802.15.4 uses binary phase shift keying (PSK) with
300 kbit/s (868 MHz band) or 600 kbit/s (915 MHz band) on
the radio. The usable bit rate is only a 15th of the radio bit
rate, however. A spreading function in the transmitter
expands the user bit rate by a factor of 15, to make the
transmission more robust.
In 802.15.4 mode, the AX8052F131 framing unit
performs the spreading function according to the 802.15.4
specification.
The 802.15.4 is a universal DSSS mode, which can be
used with any modulation or data rate as long as it does not
violate the maximum data rate of the modulation being used.
Therefore the maximum DSSS data rate is 16 kbps for FSK
and 40 kbps for ASK and PSK.
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Modulator
Depending on the transmitter settings the modulator generates various inputs for the PA:
Table 18.
Modulation Bit = 0 Bit = 1 Main Lobe Bandwidth Max. Bitrate
ASK PA off PA on BW = BITRATE 2000 kBit/s
FSK / MSK / GFSK Df = fdeviation Df = +fdeviation BW = (1 + h) BITRATE 350 kBit/s
PSK DF = 0°DF = 180°BW = BITRATE 2000 kBit/s
h = modulation index. It is the ratio of the
deviation compared to the bitrate;
fdeviation = 0.5hBITRATE, AX8052F131 can
demodulate signals with h < 32.
ASK = amplitude shift keying
FSK = frequency shift keying
MSK = minimum shift keying; MSK is a special case
of FSK, where h = 0.5, and therefore
fdeviation = 0.25BITRATE; the advantage of
MSK over FSK is that it can be demodulated
more robustly.
PSK = phase shift keying
OQPSK = offset quadrature shift keying. The
AX8052F131 supports OQPSK. However,
unless compatibility to an existing system is
required, MSK should be preferred.
4FSK = four frequencies are used to transmit two bits
simultaneously during each symbol
All modulation schemes are binary.
Table 19.
Modulation Symbol = 00 Symbol = 01 Symbol = 10 Symbol = 11 Max. Bitrate
4FSK Df = 3fdeviation Df = fdeviation Df = +fdeviation Df = +3fdeviation 400 kBit/s
PWRMODE Register
The AX8052F131 transmitter features its own
independent power management, independent from the
microcontroller. While the microcontroller power mode is
controlled through the PCON register, the
AX5031_PWRMODE register controls which parts of the
transmitter are operating.
Table 20. PWRMODE REGISTER
AX5031_PWRMODE
Register Name Description
0000 POWERDOWN All digital and analog transmitter functions, except the register file, are disabled.
VREG is reduced to conserve leakage power. The registers are still accessible.
0100 VREGON All digital and analog transmitter functions, except the register file, are disabled.
VREG, however is at its nominal value for operation, and all registers are accessible.
0101 STANDBY The crystal oscillator is powered on; the transmitter is off.
1100 SYNTHTX The synthesizer is running on the transmit frequency. The transmitter is still off. This mode
is used to let the synthesizer settle on the correct frequency for transmit.
1101 FULLTX Synthesizer and transmitter are running. Do not switch into this mode before the synthesiz-
er has completely settled on the transmit frequency (in SYNTHTX mode), otherwise spuri-
ous spectral transmissions will occur.
Table 21. A TYPICAL AX5031_PWRMODE SEQUENCE FOR A TRANSMIT SESSION
Step PWRMODE [3:0] Remarks
1 POWERDOWN
2 STANDBY The settling time is dominated by the crystal used, typical value 3 ms.
4 SYNTHTX The synthesizer settling time is 5 – 50 ms depending on settings, see section AC Characteristics
3 FULLTX Data transmission
4 POWERDOWN
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APPLICATION INFORMATION
Typical Application Diagrams
Connecting to Debug Adapter
Figure 9. Typical Application Diagram with Connection to the Debug Adapter
CLK16P
CLK16N
VDDA
GND
ANTP
ANTN
GND
GND
VREG
PC7
PA7
PA6
PA5
PA4
DBG_EN
PB7
PB4
SYSCLK
T1
T2
T1
PC3
PC2
SYSCLK
VDDA PB3
PA3
PA2
PA1
PA0
VDD_IO
PC1
PC0
PB0
PB2
PB1
AX8052F131
100pF
4.7uF
DBG_EN
DBG_RT_N
GND
DBG_CLK
DBG_DATA
GND
DBG_VDD
Jumper JP1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
32 kHz XTAL
Debug adapter
connector
1uF
VDD_IO
16 MHz
XTAL
Short Jumper JP11 if it is desired to supply the target
board from the Debug Adapter (50 mA max). Connect the
bottom exposed pad of the AX8052F131 to ground.
If the debugger is not running, PB6 and PB7 are not driven
by the Debug Adapter. If the debugger is running, the PB6
and PB7 values that the software reads may be set using the
Pin Emulation feature of the debugger.
PB3 is driven by the debugger only to bring the
AX8052F131 out of Deep Sleep. It is high impedance
otherwise.
The 32 kHz crystal is optional, the fast crystal at pins
CLK16N and CLK16P is used as reference frequency for the
RF RX/TX. Crystal load capacitances should be chosen
according to the crystal’s datasheet. At pins CLK16N and
CLK16P they the internal programmable capacitors may be
used, at pins PA3 and PA4 capacitors must be connected
externally.
It is mandatory to add 1 mF (low ESR) between VREG and
GND. Decoupling capacitors are not all drawn. It is
recommended to add 100 nF decoupling capacitor for every
VDDA and VDD_IO pin. In order to reduce noise on the
antenna inputs it is recommended to add 27 pF on the VDD
pins close to the antenna interface.
The AX8052F131 has an integrated voltage regulator for
the analog supply voltages, which generates a stable supply
voltage VREG from the voltage applied at VDD_IO. Use
VREG to supply all the VDDA supply pins and also to DC
power to the pins ANTP and ANTN.
i i Ciao/Hg Tm
AX8052F131
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26
Antenna Interface Circuitry
The ANTP and ANTN pins provide RF output from the
PA when AX8052F131 is in transmitting mode. A small
antenna can be connected with an optional translation
network. The network must provide DC power to the PA. A
biasing to VREG is necessary.
Beside biasing and impedance matching, the proposed
network also provides low pass filtering to limit spurious
emission.
Singleended Antenna Interface
Figure 10. Structure of the Antenna Interface to 50 W Singleended Equipment or Antenna
CC1 CB1
LT2
IC Antenna
Pins
VRE
G
VREG
LT1
LC2
LC1
CM1
LB1
CB2
LB2
CF1 CF2
LF1
CT1
CT2
CC2
CM2
50 W singleended
equipment or
antenna
Optional filter stage
to suppress TX
harmonics
Table 22.
Frequency Band
LC1,2
[nH]
CC1,2
[pF]
LT1,2
[nH]
CT1,2
[pF]
CM1,2
[pF]
LB1,2
[nH]
CB1,2
[pF]
LF1
[nH]
CF1,2
[pF]
868 / 915 MHz 68 1.2 12 18 2.4 12 2.7 0 WNC
433 MHz 120 2.7 39 7.5 6.0 27 5.2 0 WNC
nse
AX8052F131
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27
QFN40 Soldering Profile
Figure 11. QFN40 Soldering Profile
Preheat Reflow Cooling
TP
TL
TsMAX
TsMIN
ts
tL
tP
T25°C to Peak
Temperature
Time
25°C
Table 23.
Profile Feature PbFree Process
Average RampUp Rate 3°C/s max.
Preheat Preheat
Temperature Min TsMIN 150°C
Temperature Max TsMAX 200°C
Time (TsMIN to TsMAX) ts60 – 180 sec
Time 25°C to Peak Temperature T25°C to Peak 8 min max.
Reflow Phase
Liquidus Temperature TL217°C
Time over Liquidus Temperature tL60 – 150 s
Peak Temperature tp260°C
Time within 5°C of actual Peak Temperature Tp20 – 40 s
Cooling Phase
Rampdown rate 6°C/s max.
1. All temperatures refer to the top side of the package, measured on the the package body surface.
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28
QFN40 Recommended Pad Layout
1. PCB land and solder masking recommendations
are shown in Figure 12.
Figure 12. PCB Land and Solder Mask Recommendations
A = Clearance from PCB thermal pad to solder mask opening, 0.0635 mm minimum
B = Clearance from edge of PCB thermal pad to PCB land, 0.2 mm minimum
C = Clearance from PCB land edge to solder mask opening to be as tight as possible
to ensure that some solder mask remains between PCB pads.
D = PCB land length = QFN solder pad length + 0.1 mm
E = PCB land width = QFN solder pad width + 0.1 mm
2. Thermal vias should be used on the PCB thermal
pad (middle ground pad) to improve thermal
conductivity from the device to a copper ground
plane area on the reverse side of the printed circuit
board. The number of vias depends on the package
thermal requirements, as determined by thermal
simulation or actual testing.
3. Increasing the number of vias through the printed
circuit board will improve the thermal
conductivity to the reverse side ground plane and
external heat sink. In general, adding more metal
through the PC board under the IC will improve
operational heat transfer, but will require careful
attention to uniform heating of the board during
assembly.
Assembly Process
Stencil Design & Solder Paste Application
1. Stainless steel stencils are recommended for solder
paste application.
2. A stencil thickness of 0.125 – 0.150 mm
(5 – 6 mils) is recommended for screening.
3. For the PCB thermal pad, solder paste should be
printed on the PCB by designing a stencil with an
array of smaller openings that sum to 50% of the
QFN exposed pad area. Solder paste should be
applied through an array of squares (or circles) as
shown in Figure 13.
4. The aperture opening for the signal pads should be
between 5080% of the QFN pad area as shown in
Figure 14.
5. Optionally, for better solder paste release, the
aperture walls should be trapezoidal and the
corners rounded.
6. The fine pitch of the IC leads requires accurate
alignment of the stencil and the printed circuit
board. The stencil and printed circuit assembly
should be aligned to within + 1 mil prior to
application of the solder paste.
7. Noclean flux is recommended since flux from
underneath the thermal pad will be difficult to
clean if watersoluble flux is used.
Figure 13. Solder Paste Application on Exposed Pad
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29
Figure 14. Solder Paste Application on Pins
Minimum 50% coverage 62% coverage Maximum 80% coverage
MARKING DIAGRAM
XXX = Specific Device Code
A = Assembly Location
WL = Wafer Lot
YY = Year
WW = Work Week
G = PbFree Package
XXXXXXXX
AWLYYWWG
Table 24. DEVICE VERSIONS
Device Marking AX8052 Version AX5031 Version
AX8052F1312 1C 1
AX8052F1313 2 1
sane" 2" E ”‘5 C TOPVIEW / W—fl (A3” X \ A Q A1, "ME 6 SIDE VIEW D2 new” raw L \gyuuuuuuuuu ' L ‘ 7 ¢ 2 ¥¥ :1 \ : aux b 52 :7 77+,, 7:, g ‘ El 4 = ET 39 i ‘ nnnnn¢1¢nnnnn w 4 Jtmm BOTTOM VIEW ##JL a a e Mademavk: m Semxcundmflm Cnmpnnems In "we \ghhlnanumhernipalems \rademavk: m www mm cummle‘gdflFalem Mavkmg gm
AX8052F131
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30
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
QFN40 7x5, 0.5P
CASE 485EG
ISSUE A
SEATING
NOTE 4
0.15 C
(A3)
A
A1
D2
b
1
21
40
2X
2X
E2 40X
9L
40X
BOTTOM VIEW
DETAIL A
TOP VIEW
SIDE VIEW
DA B
E
0.15 C
PIN ONE
REFERENCE
0.10 C
0.08 C
C
29
e
A0.10 B
C
0.05 C
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER
ASME Y14.5M, 1994.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS: MILLIMETERS.
3. DIMENSION b APPLIES TO PLATED
TERMINAL AND IS MEASURED BETWEEN
0.25 AND 0.30mm FROM TERMINAL
4. COPLANARITY APPLIES TO THE EXPOSED
PAD AS WELL AS THE TERMINALS.
DIM MIN MAX
MILLIMETERS
A0.80 1.00
A1 0.00 0.05
A3 0.20 REF
b0.18 0.30
D7.00 BSC
D2 5.30 5.50
E5.00 BSC
3.50E2 3.30
e0.50 BSC
L0.30 0.50
L1 −−− 0.15
PLANE
*For additional information on our PbFree strategy and soldering
details, please download the ON Semiconductor Soldering and
Mounting Techniques Reference Manual, SOLDERRM/D.
SOLDERING FOOTPRINT*
e/2
NOTE 3
DIMENSIONS: MILLIMETERS
0.50
5.60
0.32
3.60
40X
0.60
40X
5.30
7.30
1
PITCH
PACKAGE
OUTLINE
RECOMMENDED
L1
DETAIL A
L
ALTERNATE TERMINAL
CONSTRUCTIONS
L
DETAIL B
MOLD CMPDEXPOSED Cu
ALTERNATE
CONSTRUCTION
DETAIL B
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