The Voltage monitoring block detects whether voltage supplied to the control circuit drops below a predefined threshold level. A switching circuit responds to sensing supply voltage below the threshold level by disconnecting electrical current to a relay coil which causes contacts to open, resulting in the motor being electrically disconnected from the control circuit. As a result of that disconnection, voltage produced by the motor operating in a regenerative mode does not inhibit electrically controlled mechanical brakes from engaging. The motor currents are driven from pulse-width modulated voltages to high-voltage, large current, IGBT transistors which connect to the motor coils. Gate drivers are electronic circuits that apply correct power levels to MOSFETs and IGBTs. With power-MOSFETs, gate drivers can be implemented as transformers, discrete transistors, or dedicated integrated circuits (IC). Partitioning the gate-drive function of controllers that use pulse width modulation (PWM) improves controller stability by eliminating the high peak currents and heat dissipation needed to drive power-MOSFETs at very high frequencies. With IGBTs, gate drivers serve as isolation amplifiers and often provide short-circuit protection.

